12TH-PHYSICS

Force between multiple charges

Superposition principle

Continuous charge distribution

Electric field

Electric field due to a point charge

Electric field lines

Electric dipole

Electric field due to a dipole

Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field

Electric flux

Gauss’s law

Electric field due to infinitely long straight wire

Electric field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

Electric field due to uniformly charged thin spherical shell (inside)

Electric field due to uniformly charged thin spherical shell (outside)

Electric potential

Potential difference

Electric potential due to point charge

Electric potential due to dipole

Electric potential due to system of charges

Equipotential surfaces

Electrical potential energy of two point charges

Electrical potential energy of electric dipole

Conductors and insulators

Free charges in conductors

Bound charges in conductors

Dielectrics

Electric polarization

Capacitors

Capacitance

Combination of capacitors in series

Combination of capacitors in parallel

Parallel plate capacitor without dielectric

Parallel plate capacitor with dielectric

Energy stored in a capacitor

Electric current

Flow of charges in metallic conductors

Drift velocity

Mobility of charge carriers

Relation between drift velocity and current

Ohm’s law

V-I characteristics (linear)

V-I characteristics (non-linear)

Electrical energy

Electrical power

Electrical resistivity

Electrical conductivity

Temperature dependence of resistance

Internal resistance of a cell

Potential difference of a cell

EMF of a cell

Combination of cells in series

Combination of cells in parallel

Kirchhoff’s laws

Wheatstone bridge

Magnetic field

Oersted’s experiment

Biot–Savart law

Magnetic field due to current carrying circular loop

Ampere’s circuital law

Magnetic field due to infinitely long straight wire

Magnetic field due to straight solenoid (qualitative)

Force on a moving charge in magnetic field

Force on a moving charge in electric and magnetic fields

Force on current carrying conductor

Force between two parallel current carrying conductors

Definition of ampere

Torque on current loop

Current loop as magnetic dipole

Magnetic dipole moment of current loop

Moving coil galvanometer

Current sensitivity of galvanometer

Conversion of galvanometer to ammeter

Conversion of galvanometer to voltmeter

Bar magnet

Bar magnet as equivalent solenoid (qualitative)

Magnetic field along axial line of dipole (qualitative)

Magnetic field along equatorial line of dipole (qualitative)

Torque on magnetic dipole in uniform magnetic field

Magnetic field lines

Magnetic materials

Diamagnetic substances

Paramagnetic substances

Ferromagnetic substances

Magnetization

Effect of temperature on magnetic properties

Electromagnetic induction

Faraday’s first law

Faraday’s second law

Induced EMF

Induced current

Lenz’s law

Self induction

Mutual induction

Alternating current

Peak value of AC

RMS value of AC

AC voltage

Reactance

Impedance

LCR series circuit

Phasor diagram (qualitative)

Resonance in LCR circuit

Power in AC circuit

Power factor

Wattless current

AC generator

Transformer

Displacement current

Electromagnetic waves

Characteristics of EM waves

Transverse nature of EM waves

Electromagnetic spectrum

Radio waves

Microwaves

Infrared rays

Visible light

Ultraviolet rays

X-rays

Gamma rays

Uses of electromagnetic waves

Reflection of light

Spherical mirrors

Mirror formula

Magnification (mirror)

Refraction of light

Total internal reflection

Optical fibers

Refraction at spherical surfaces

Lenses

Thin lens formula

Lens maker’s formula

Magnification (lens)

Power of a lens

Combination of thin lenses

Refraction through prism

Microscope

Astronomical telescope (refracting)

Astronomical telescope (reflecting)

Wavefront

Huygens’ principle

Reflection using wavefronts

Refraction using wavefronts

Laws of reflection (proof)

Laws of refraction (proof)

Interference of light

Young’s double slit experiment

Fringe width

Coherent sources

Sustained interference

Diffraction due to single slit

Width of central maxima

Dual nature of radiation

Photoelectric effect

Hertz experiment

Lenard’s observations

Einstein’s photoelectric equation

Particle nature of light

Experimental study of photoelectric effect

Matter waves

de Broglie relation

Alpha particle scattering experiment

Rutherford atomic model

Limitations of Rutherford model

Bohr atomic model

Radius of nth orbit

Velocity of electron in nth orbit

Energy of electron in nth orbit

Hydrogen line spectrum

Composition of nucleus

Size of nucleus

Nuclear force

Mass-energy relation

Mass defect

Binding energy

Binding energy per nucleon

Variation of binding energy with mass number

Nuclear fission

Nuclear fusion

Energy bands

Conductors

Semiconductors

Insulators

Intrinsic semiconductors

Extrinsic semiconductors

p-type semiconductors

n-type semiconductors

p-n junction

Semiconductor diode

Diode in forward bias

Diode in reverse bias

I-V characteristics of diode

Diode as rectifier